Constricted venous outflow: Does it alter cerebrospinal fluid dynamics?

Clive Beggs University of Bradford Abstract Few topics in medicine have in recent years produced such controversy as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Since this vascular syndrome was first identified in 2009 1 , it has divided opinion. On one extreme, are those who advocate that CCSVI causes multiple sclerosis (MS), while at the other end of the spectrum are those who deny that the syndrome exists at all. Consequently, the debate on CCSVI has become polarized – a situation, which all too easily, can result in a loss of objectivity.